associating meanings and words in speech, which allows us to consider not their equal
connection, but the projection of the unknown and/or incomprehensible to the elements
of experience – a collective, molded in usual compatibility of language units, or an individual
that creates occasional compatibility. The purpose of the study is to provide
a detailed theoretical justification for the use of the term “projection” in cognitive linguistics
and in cognitive poetics as an emerging paradigm of knowledge about the artistic
text, as well as the term “projective meaning”, which allows us to approach such
traditionally distinguished paths as metaphor, comparison and metamorphosis from
a single point of view. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of grammaticality
of abstract substantives with secondary predicates developed by the author, the
method of modeling culturally developed and artistic ideas on the abstract phenomenon
calculated in projective meanings, and the principles of linguistic modeling of the semantic
structure of artistic text. The argument of the relevance of the term “projection”
in linguistics is based on the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign linguists,
but the historical perspective requires recognition of the priority in developing a method
that later received the name “conceptual analysis of the word” for such domestic linguists
as A. Bely and V. A. Uspensky. In the mathematical term “projection”, which is
adopted by linguistics relevant for cognitive science, the idea of dependence of the unknown
on the known in the process of its mental development, as well as the idea of the
“picture plane”, which can be interpreted as applied to linguistic tasks as an object plane filled with the results of everyday experience. Projective meanings (projectives) are
proposed to be considered as sensual and logical images of an abstract phenomenon, in
which its meaningful cultural profiles (sides, aspects) are conceptualized and which
guide the compatibility of its name, and the set of projectives is a verifiable model of
the content of an abstract name. The article proposes the establishment of similarity (by
projectivity) of cognitive metaphors and comparisons and their cognitive and structural
differences: logical redundancy of comparison and the logical need for a cognitive metaphor
for the discursive existence of abstract names. In comparison, as a kind of widely
understood metaphor, there is a “form-building instinct” (O. Mandelstam), in which
knowledge prevails over vision, metaphysics over physics, individual over universal.
The paper proposes a nontrivial approach to the study of the mechanism of
associating meanings and words in speech, which allows us to consider not their equal
connection, but the projection of the unknown and/or incomprehensible to the elements
of experience – a collective, molded in usual compatibility of language units, or an individual
that creates occasional compatibility. The purpose of the study is to provide
a detailed theoretical justification for the use of the term “projection” in cognitive linguistics
and in cognitive poetics as an emerging paradigm of knowledge about the artistic
text, as well as the term “projective meaning”, which allows us to approach such
traditionally distinguished paths as metaphor, comparison and metamorphosis from
a single point of view. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of grammaticality
of abstract substantives with secondary predicates developed by the author, the
method of modeling culturally developed and artistic ideas on the abstract phenomenon
calculated in projective meanings, and the principles of linguistic modeling of the semantic
structure of artistic text. The argument of the relevance of the term “projection”
in linguistics is based on the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign linguists,
but the historical perspective requires recognition of the priority in developing a method
that later received the name “conceptual analysis of the word” for such domestic linguists
as A. Bely and V. A. Uspensky. In the mathematical term “projection”, which is
adopted by linguistics relevant for cognitive science, the idea of dependence of the unknown
on the known in the process of its mental development, as well as the idea of the
“picture plane”, which can be interpreted as applied to linguistic tasks as an object plane filled with the results of everyday experience. Projective meanings (projectives) are
proposed to be considered as sensual and logical images of an abstract phenomenon, in
which its meaningful cultural profiles (sides, aspects) are conceptualized and which
guide the compatibility of its name, and the set of projectives is a verifiable model of
the content of an abstract name. The article proposes the establishment of similarity (by
projectivity) of cognitive metaphors and comparisons and their cognitive and structural
differences: logical redundancy of comparison and the logical need for a cognitive metaphor
for the discursive existence of abstract names. In comparison, as a kind of widely
understood metaphor, there is a “form-building instinct” (O. Mandelstam), in which
knowledge prevails over vision, metaphysics over physics, individual over universal.
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The Concept of “Projection” and “Projective Meaning” in the Term System of
Cognitive Linguistics С. 158–170. DOI 10.25205/2307-1737-2019-2-158-170